The Japan pension plan is a cash balance plan which guarantees a 6% return, does it mean it is a DB plan?
What about Singapore’s CPF? Given it is subject to a minimum 2.5% return, is it a DB plan?
Singapore CPF is certainly a DC plan. Part comes out of employee’s pocket, part from employer’s. The percentage brackets for different salaries are well defined.
2.5% is paid by the government, not the employer, which makes it a DC plan.