Perfectly explained by Oscar. Just an additional note that if you have studied calculus earlier, you would find out that this formula represents a Taylor expansion. The first term i.e. (-MD * ΔYTM) is the first-order expansion and the second term, i.e. ((1/2*Convexity*(ΔYTM^2)) is the second-order expansion. That’s why it is said that duration is the first derivative and convexity is the second derivative.
Just thought that the formula will be easier to relate in this way. Hope it was helpful!!