I read quite a bit about nutrition a while ago. Take it with a grain of salt, but the gist is more or less like this:
1 - Calories in x calories out in most cases represents the only way to gain or lose weight in the long term
2 - For optimal health/athletic performance You need to hit your minimum levels for:
a) macros - protein, fats and carbs (varies depending on the sport, if any)
b) micronutrients - vitamins and stuff
c) water
3 - Timing is pratically irrelevant (you can eat one single huge meal or 10 small meals for the same effect)
Basically any variation from this (including Intermitent Fasting) had mixed results science-wise, What I mean is that, in research, Intermitent Fasting is not significantly better or worse than having 6 meals a day, or 3 meals a day, as long as your overall consumption is the same.
Then there are the beliefs and anedoctal evidence - different people have different experiences and different experts have different takes on subjects.
If you’re really into it, you can read the stickies at the Nutrition Forum on Bodybuilding.com and get a rough idea on how to calculate your cals and what not. The guys who know what they’re talking about and I recall are Alan Aragon, Layne Norton and Martin Berkham (that’s the Intermitent Fasting guy).You can Google them to read more.
Of course, if you don’t want to keep counting your calories (that’s the premise almost all studies use), than whatever schedule keeps you feeling well and eating an amount that doesn’t make you fat it’s probably good.
I don’t do Intermitent Fasting, but I like to have just a couple of very light snacks during the day (saves time as well) and then a big meal at night. Just having more or less the same amount of calories and eating nutrient-dense food made me feel much better in the last couple years (even though I had the CFA exams going on).
Getting rid of all that pseudo-science from decades ago (breakfast is the most important meal of the day, you should do abs to get abs, don’t eat fat, don’t eat carbs, don’t eat) is probably the most important thing. Once we learn that we can be healthy in a convenient way, everything is much easier.